Dalbergia sissoo (Indian rosewood) has long been recognized for its remarkable medicinal properties; it offers various therapeutic benefits including its role in treating osteoporosis, microbial infections, skin disorders, diabetes, ulcer and spermatogenesis. D. sissoo is also known for its valued timber and leaves as fodder. While its bark has an anthelmintic property, leaves are used as expectorant and wood as an antipyretic and abortifacient. D. sissoo is a rich source of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterols, tannins and carbohydrates and proteins. Recently, several groups have isolated caviunin glucosides from leaf extract known to possess osteogenic activity. The objective of the present monograph is to provide taxonomical information, traditional and pharmacological uses, methods of simultaneous separation and quantification of bioanalytical marker compounds, safety, toxicity and efficacy of caviunin glucosides. Pharmacognosy, conditions for methods of simultaneous separation and quantification by HPTLC and UHPLC were provided. Review of published resources and authors’ own work on safety, toxicity and efficacy has been presented. Description of crude drug, pharmacognosy of bark, heartwood and leaf presented in detail. Separate HPTLC finger printing and UHPLC analysis revealed clear separation of bioactive compounds. Safety, toxicity studies revealed that the extract is safe and well tolerated. Ethanolic extract of leaf has potential osteogenesis property. The details presented in monograph can lead to further studies on beneficial properties of D. sissoo leaf extracts, especially bone regeneration and bone health. Caviunin glucosides from leaf, heartwood can be a potential dietary supplement to treat osteoporosis.
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